Requirements for Applying SCIA: A Structured Cyberattack Impact Analysis Approach for ICS

Modern industrial control systems (ICS) are increasingly integrating cyber-physical components to automate industrial processes. Such integration requires a rigorous exploration of how cyberattack impact propagates through an ICS. However, impact analysis approaches for ICS usually assume the use of specific modeling formalisms and tools, limiting their adoption by analysts familiar with potential alternatives. This work clarifies the rationale behind 20 requirements for applying SCIA: a Structured Cyberattack Impact Analysis approach with different modeling and simulation platforms. Based on a manufacturing ICS case study, we demonstrate two distinct applications of SCIA: (1) Application A, based on formal modeling and verification in UPPAAL-SMC, and (2) Application B, based on simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. We show how both applications are effective at visualizing the evolution of attacks and analyzing temporary and sustained impacts on ICS reliability and availability. In doing so, we detail the methodological differences, the extent of requirement satisfaction, and the associated trade-offs.