Blockchain-Based Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Trading Mechanism: A Bayesian Game Approach with Mixed Pricing Strategy

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based energy trading mechanism for electric vehicle (EV) charging and discharging, which aims to provide a user-friendly, secure, and efficient energy trading platform for EV users. Firstly, EV users are required to calculate an evaluation function through the Road Side Unit (RSU) decision-making mechanism and select the RSU that maximizes their benefits to participate in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) energy trading. Secondly, this paper develops a mixed pricing strategy for V2V energy trading based on the Bayesian game. The strategy, combined with the real-time micro-market supply and demand status, promptly adjusts the bids of both parties of the energy transaction. After determining the transaction price, the mechanism further derives the energy trading volume that maximizes social welfare. Finally, the simulation results show that in the V2V energy transaction under the blockchain environment, adopting the RSU decision-making mechanism proposed in this paper can reduce the buyer's cost and improve the seller's revenue. The mixed pricing strategy can effectively improve the price satisfaction of energy transaction users and the success rate of transaction matching. It can protect user privacy and reduce communication loss, demonstrating blockchain's broad application prospects in the future energy transaction market.