A TDOA Method for Underwater Target Location Based on Particle Swarm Optimization with Experiment Verification

TDOA methods play a significant role in passive target location. When using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method to passively locate underwater targets, measurement errors can inevitably affect the accuracy of the location. This paper proposes a TDOA method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for locating underwater targets using distributed multi-agent systems. The simulation results demonstrate the method's effectiveness. An experiment was conducted to verify the method at sea in Sanya Bay in the South China Sea. The method's performance was verified at sea, demonstrating an average location error of 7.41 m. Compared to TDOA-Taylor, the method exhibits a 9.74% reduction in location error.