Distributed Observer Design Over Directed Switching Topologies

The distributed observer design problem holds significant importance in cases in which the output information of a system is decentralized across different subsystems. Each subsystem has a local observer and access to one part of the measurement outputs and information exchanged through communication networks. This article focuses on the design of distributed observer with jointly connected directed switching networks. The problem presents challenges due to passive switching modes and the open-loop unboundedness that results from local observability. To overcome these challenges, we develop a network transformation mapping method whereby each local observer can classify itself into an independent subgraph based on independent judgment. Next, an observable decomposition and reorganization method is developed for the digraph case to ensure that each subgraph possesses independent dynamic properties. Asymptotic omniscience is then proven using a developed recursive proof method. This article includes many previous results as special cases, because most are only suitable for undirected switching topologies or fast-switching cases. An adaptive coupling gain design is proposed to simplify the calculation and verification of conditions that guarantee asymptotic omniscience. Finally, simulation results with the power system show the validity of the developed theory.