Iterative Power Control for Maximizing Spectral Efficiency in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

This study investigates power control algorithms for cell-free massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO) systems, with the aim of enhancing spectral efficiency (SE) and overall system capacity. A novel Heuristic Iterative Power Control (HIPC) algorithm is proposed and compared against the Equal Power Control (EPC) and Max-Min Fairness Power Control (MMFPC) algorithms within both small-cell and CF-M-MIMO systems under Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) and Maximum Ratio (MR) conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the HIPC algorithm significantly outperforms both EPC and MMFPC by achieving higher SE and improving user fairness, particularly in CF-M-MIMO systems. Moreover, the robustness and effectiveness of the HIPC algorithm under MR conditions underscore its practical utility. These contributions provide important guidance on the design and implementation of CF-M-MIMO systems, establishing the HIPC algorithm as a valuable tool for optimizing power control and enhancing system performance.