Assessing Water Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach for Environmental Sustainability

Water is very important natural resource for the human beings, animals etc. The quality of water depends on multiple factors so it is vital for us to maintain the quality of water so that we can balance environmental well-being, public health. The study analyzes the association between water quality variables (TH, turbidity, TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Naini Lake, Nainital, using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to forecast short-term correlation and predict long-term co-integration and uncertainty changes. The study finds TDS positively impacts DO in short and long terms, Turbidity negatively affects DO long-term, and TH has no significant impact. These findings inform environmental policies on water pollution’s effects on DO levels.