A Scoping Review Focusing on the Competencies Developed by Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality in School Education

Recently, Head-Mounted Display type (HMD-type) Virtual Reality (VR) became available for individual purchase and is increasingly being used in educational fields. However, the number of review studies that provide information to educators about what abilities school students can develop by using HMD-type VR is still scarce. This scoping review provides a comprehensive analysis of studies conducted from January 2009 to April 2024 on students from elementary to high school for the purpose of developing specific competencies and mastering certain concepts. 55 articles were selected for detailed review. The results of this review showed that a majority of the studies (48 of 55 positive results) had positive outcomes, such as improved academic performance in various subjects and increased creativity, motivation for learning, and non-cognitive skills using HMD-type VR. The results also confirmed the effectiveness of skills development for students with disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder and hearing impairments.