Real-Time Monitoring of Modular Carbon Capture Machines with Sensor Networks and Node-RED

Carbon Capture (CC) technology captures carbon from the air for utilization or storage. Heavy industries utilize CC to reduce carbon emissions; however, there are no suitable CC solutions for micro, small, and medium industries (MSME). This paper investigates a real-time carbon dioxide (CO
2
) monitoring framework for fishery smoking machines used by cottage industries. The proposed CO
2
monitoring system uses a wireless data transmission system with the XBee Pro module. Data is sent to Node-RED software for collection, monitoring, and analysis, providing stable data transmission. A controlled experiment was conducted to determine the CO
2
measuring reliability of the MG-811 CO
2
sensor, which is installed in the filter box of the small-scale modular CC (MCC) machine, by comparing its measured data to the CO
2
emissions measured manually with the Testo 440 CO
2
digital measuring probe. Data was collected every 15 minutes over a four-hour span. It was found that the CO
2
emissions measured using the proposed real-time setup were consistent with the values collected from the Testo 440 device. This demonstrates that the small-scale modular CC machine is a feasible and frugal engineering solution that can be used to sequester CO
2
emissions in cottage industry settings. Furthermore, the results imply that a real-time monitoring system employing low-cost materials with minimal technological complexity, featuring wireless data transfer with sufficient sensitivity, has the potential to be deployed in heavy industries on a wider scale.