SNARK and account-model based verifiable sharding scheme

Sharding is the core technology to address scalability issues in blockchain, and resolving the external consensus problem is one of the major challenges in sharding technologies. At present, all account-model based sharding schemes are solved by extending consensus algorithms to address external consensus issues. This approach increases the complexity of consensus and makes the scheme dependent on consensus algorithms. The introduction of overly complex logic in consensus may make it difficult to prove correctness, leading to increased security risks. Schemes dependent on consensus algorithms also limit the usage scope. Therefore, SNARK and account-model based verifiable sharding scheme, SVSS, has been proposed. This scheme decouples from consensus algorithms and partitions state base on account-model. It provides proofs for the state changes of in-shard accounts using KZG state trees and SNARK, achieves consistency across the blockchain network using the sequencer- aggregator model. Theoretical and experimental analysis demonstrates that SVSS can achieve cross-shard transaction regulation and block verification without state, improving the flexibility of consensus algorithm selection and applicability to sidechains and smaller-scale blockchain networks that require node with light weight validation and consensus algorithm choice.