Design and Optimization of Quad-Band Qing-Shaped Patch Antenna Using CMA-Surrogate Model

This paper introduces a novel surrogate model based on characteristic mode analysis, applied in the design and optimization of a distinctive Qing-shaped patch antenna printed in LiShu format, a style of Chinese calligraphy. The optimized results demonstrate that the L-probe excited antenna achieves quad impedance bandwidths at 1.67, 2.13, 2.6, and 3.0 GHz, with an average broadside gain of 8 dBi. Through optimization, the overall patch size is determined to be 88 mm in width, 59 mm in length, and 16 mm in height.