Development and Experimental Validation of an Open-Source Model Library for District Heating Network Simulation

Decarbonization of the energy system requires the widespread use of renewable energy sources, introducing challenges to the stability and reliability of electricity networks. Multi-energy systems (MES) have emerged as a promising approach, integrating various energy vectors and optimizing their interaction through conversion technologies and innovative operating strategies to enhance flexibility. Despite growing interest, the impact of integrating energy systems such as District Heating Networks (DHNs) into modern energy systems is still an open research topic. Modeling and simulation tools play a crucial role in comprehensively studying the complexity of these systems, facilitating the development of effective operational solutions. This paper presents the development of an open-source, object-oriented Modelica library for the study of DHNs, validated using experimental data obtained from a real District Heating Test Facility (DHTF). The construction methodology and modeling equations for the library’s main components are outlined, alongside an overview of the DHTF. Three representative validation cases, including a single component, a single subsystem and a centralized configuration of the plant are discussed. This study aims to contribute to the advancement of district heating systems by providing a validated simulation tool for exploring different configurations and operational scenarios.