Building a Digital Twin for European Energy Infrastructure: The role of open source

As grids are increasingly digitizing, the concept of a digital twin (DT) is becoming more and more relevant in the electricity sector. However, there is a lack of standardization of the definition and the characteristics of DTs. Many tools are defined as DTs even if they serve completely different purposes and are based on significantly different technologies. And some use cases and system-level studies require assembling and interfacing several DTs, which need to be properly designed and documented to be used in this context. This article aims at providing recommendations in this regard through the application of open approaches and the example of the large-scale European TwinEU project, which is among the first to tackle such issues at scale.