A Novel Broadband Antenna Based on Three-Dimensional Mandelbrot Fractal Geometry

In this paper, a novel broadband antenna based on three-dimensional (3D) Mandelbrot fractal geometry is proposed. The 3D Mandelbrot fractal geometry is applied to the antenna design in the first time and it is hard to generate in the antenna simulation tools. This paper also proposes a method that can convert the 3D Mandelbrot point set into a 3D geometry which is needed to conduct electromagnetic simulations for the antenna. The electromagnetic performances of the 3D Mandelbrot fractal structure generated by the iteration formula at the powers of 4, 8, and 16 are analyzed, respectively. The simulation results show that as the power of the iteration formula increases, the bandwidth of the 3D Mandelbrot fractal antenna will expand to a higher frequency, and the operating frequency bands of different modes will also expand to a higher frequency correspondingly.