A Novel Pulsar Profile Extraction Approach for Synchronization Measurement and Its Hardware Implementation

In synchronization measurement devices (SMDs), the issues of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) loss and spoofing are prevalent, leading to concerns about the accuracy of grid measurement data that rely on SMDs. One critical aspect of obtaining per-second pulse calibration signals through pulsars is the speed and accuracy of pulse profile extraction. Therefore, a new pulsar profile extraction approach (PPEA) based on the average pulse profile and cross correlation is proposed. The proposed PPEA is independent of dispersion measures (DMs), enabling faster pulse profile extraction. To validate the feasibility of PPEA, a pulsar hardware framework based on an analog front-end circuit (AFC) is established. Subsequently, the effectiveness of PPEA and the hardware framework is verified using the analog pulsar B $1937+21$ through AFC and the real pulsar B $0355+54$ . The robustness of PPEA is validated using simulated pulsar data from PsrSigSim. Finally, the efficiency and accuracy of PPEA are compared with those of coherent and incoherent dedispersion-based profile extraction methods. Due to its independence from DM values, PPEA is more efficient. The accuracy of PPEA is higher than that of incoherent dedispersion and lower than that of coherent dedispersion.