Power Scalability of 1.55-μm-Wavelength InP-Based Double-Lattice Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers With Stable Continuous-Wave Single-Mode Lasing

This paper reports on the power scalability of 1.55-μm-wavelength photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) utilizing the design flexibility of the double-lattice photonic crystal. By controlling in-plane optical coupling, we have achieved single-mode continuous-wave lasing with various device sizes ranging from 100 μm to 300 μm in diameter. The output power exceeds 500 mW for a device size of 300 μm, and wall-plug efficiencies of all fabricated devices exceed 18%. Highly stable single-mode lasing with a side-mode suppression ratio over 60 dB is obtained even at the maximum output powers. Narrow circular beams are obtained, and the divergence angles decrease with increasing device size, ranging from 0.55 degrees to 0.23 degrees in FWHM for device sizes from 100 μm and 300 μm, respectively.