A Miniaturized Frequency Reconfigurable Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna for Frequency Jamming Applications

This paper presents a compact and portable frequency reconfigurable Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna for frequency jamming applications. Conventional jamming systems use multiple antennas, each dedicated to blocking a single frequency band, resulting in large and complex setups. The proposed antenna addresses this by switching between three LTE frequency bands of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, significantly reducing system size and complexity. The antenna design features an SIW resonant cavity structure and an H-shaped radiating slot with four PIN diodes placed at different locations for frequency switching. An additional via post is incorporated, and its position is optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to improve frequency tuning, reflection coefficients, and bandwidth. The PIN diodes are controlled using a DC bias network on a dedicated dielectric layer, incorporating chip inductors and capacitors for improved isolation. The antenna is fed using a coaxial feed, with a reflecting structure to reduce radiation loss and a tapered microstrip-to-SIW transition for efficient power transfer. The design is fabricated and tested, demonstrating strong agreement between simulated and measured reflection coefficients and radiation patterns. The proposed antenna provides gains of 4.25 to 6.9 dBi, representing a significant advancement in efficiency and portability.