A Multi-Physics Field Modeling Approach for the Electromagnetic Railgun Launch of Intelligent Projectiles

The launch of intelligent projectiles via electromagnetic railguns is a highly dynamic process characterized by complex multi-physical field coupling phenomena. This process encompasses the interplay of multiple physical domains, including the electric, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical fields. Accurate monitoring of the coupling relationships among various physical quantities is constrained by experimental methodologies and presents significant challenges. To address these challenges, we employ the Finite Element Method (FEM) to conduct an in-depth investigation into the launch dynamics, bore environment and the intricate coupling mechanisms of the multi-physical fields within the electromagnetic railgun launch system. The results indicate that during the launch process, sliding friction is the predominant factor when the armature moves at low speeds, whereas air resistance becomes the primary influence at high speeds. Moreover, the velocity skin effect is present throughout the entire launch process, with the heat generated being predominantly concentrated in the armature’s throat and the area of contact with the track. These results may offer fundamental data in understanding the coupling mechanism of multiple physical fields of the electromagnetic orbit launch system.