An Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Framework for Automatic Generation Control Systems

The main role of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is to maintain power grids frequency within specified operating limits. Due to the fact that AGC is the sole automatic feedback control loop between physical and cyber infrastructure in modern power systems and the data required by the AGC system is transferred to a control center through communication links, it can be highly vulnerable to malicious attacks. Therefore, AGC systems should be well-protected against cyberattacks, e.g., False Data Injection (FDI) attacks. In this paper, an intrusion detection and mitigation framework for AGC systems based on a modified Goertzel algorithm is proposed. Compared with the existing intrusion detection and mitigation strategies, the major superiorities of the proposed framework are less computational burden, high accuracy, and rapid detection and mitigation of FDI attacks, which are considered unknown inputs. The proposed framework is validated on a two-area interconnected power systems model and the IEEE 39-bus test system. The dynamic simulation results under different testing conditions verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework.