Optimizing Binary Sequence Excitation Signals for Rapid Impedance Spectrum Measurement in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

With the increasing demand for efficient and reliable renewable energy sources, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as a promising technology. Recent experiments demonstrate that Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) effectively differentiates various states of PEMFCs. Employing broadband signals as testing excitations significantly reduces EIS measurement time, facilitating real-time monitoring of PEMFCs’ health under dynamic conditions. Broadband signal design requires maintaining adequate amplitude across frequency components for noise resistance while minimizing signal peak value to reduce operational disturbances. This paper introduces an EIS simulation environment, leveraging PEMFCs’ impedance and electrochemical noise models. It focuses on optimizing the excitation signal’s amplitude-frequency distribution using discrete interval binary sequences. The results indicate that our method achieves minimal perturbation amplitude while preserving measurement accuracy in amplitude-frequency signal design.