Design of a monitoring system for surface drinking water sources integrated with satellites data and in-situ measurements

This paper aims to develop an early warning system for drinking water sources that integrates multi-satellite data and in-situ measurements. By establishing an operational platform, the system collects various observation data and information, including aquatic environment quality, ecological health status, geographic information, climate/meteorological conditions, etc. This data supports the construction of a model for ecological safety evaluation and early warning of emergency ecological events. Data processing mechanisms are established to manage, preprocess, and fuse the received data, optimize heterogeneous data from multiple sources, and improve the quality of the obtained data. Based on the preprocessed data, information extraction procedures are established to extract information on water quality and ecological status of the water source area, ultimately generating an early warning. The system includes modules for user management, security management, logging management, operation management, etc., to ensure the system’s safe and reliable operation. Through the operational frontend, the system enables collaboration and interaction with distributed monitoring stations and multiple end users, achieving visualization of monitoring and early warning information. The framework of the system is composed of the hardware layer, data layer, service layer, and operation layer. The hardware layer mainly refers to the hardware systems that support the system’s operation, such as servers, GPU computing servers, switches, storage, etc. The data layer primarily involves the interconnection of satellite data, ground monitoring data, GIS, and supporting data, including meteorological data, ecological and environmental data, industrial information, etc. The service layer mainly refers to the services necessary for the safe and reliable operation of the system, such as message queue management, container construction and management, load balancing, etc. The operation layer is the core of the entire system, encompassing data processing, information extraction, demonstration applications, system management, etc. The entire system’s services are provided to users through a one-stop portal service.