Invited Paper: A Review on Ultra-Low-Supply-Voltage Analog-to-Digital Converters

Ultra-low-supply-voltage (ULV) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) operating at around 0.2 V or lower are attractive for internet-of-things (IoT) and embedded applications due to their extremely low power consumption. This paper reviews state-of-the-art ULV ADCs to provide insight on the current trends and design strategies at such low supply voltages. The paper discusses the various architectures, topologies, and calibration techniques used and their trade-offs. Based on the observations, the paper provides recommendations for the circuit designer to help make informed design choices to achieve the desired performance for ULV ADCs.