A Multi-Objective Optimization Problem for Sizing and Siting of Power Systems with the Integration of DG Units, EV Charging Stations, and ESSs

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization problem of sizing and siting power systems with the integration of electric vehicles in a distribution system is addressed. Vehicle-to-grid contribution, charging stations, renewable energy sources in the form of photovoltaic and wind turbines, and energy storage systems are considered in the proposed approach. A mixed-integer linear programming model is presented for this problem, which minimizes the total cost associated with infrastructure development and power generation while considering operational efficiency and sustainability considerations. A strategic placement of such infrastructural arrangements and their sizes can improve grid resiliency and optimally host a high penetration of electric vehicles, along with integrating renewable energy sources, is also proposed. The suitability of the proposed model is proven through a case study presented for an IEEE 24-bus distribution power system, drawing improvements in cost effectiveness, energy efficiency, and renewable energy utilization within the power grid.