Design and Simulation of Fractional N-PLL 2.4 GHz for WLAN in IEEE 802.11 Standards

Wireless communications have become an essential and important part of the modern technology, where several innovations in telecommunications have emerged rapidly during the last half of the twentieth century's. Demand for wireless LAN hardware has experienced phenomenal growth during the past several years, advancements in transmission speeds, coverage regions, security, quality of service (QoS), and mobility have been made possible by the constant evolution of WLAN technology. Despite the existence of a wide variety of wireless communication technologies, the Wi-Fi network remains the most essential and most commonly used. This network runs on globally defined and internationally approved frequencies that are 2.4, 3.6, 5, and 60 GHz ISM bands. This paper discusses the design and simulation of a Delta-Sigma-based fractional N PLL frequency synthesizer for 2.4 GHz wireless standards. The loop filter is an essential element in Fractional-N ΣΔ synthesizers because it modifies the noise spectrum of quantization errors and reduces spurious levels in the pass band of PLL.