Towards a Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Industry 5.0: A Cross-Country Analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of human-centred artificial intelligence in Industry 5.0 across three different settings: developed economies, developing countries, and low-income economies. This study utilizes secondary data issued by International Monetary Fund (IMF) to analyze both the societal opportunities and challenges of human-centred artificial intelligence and evaluates how the role of humans can evolve alongside the advancement of human-AI collaboration. The findings indicate that developed countries are likely to face significant challenges in the labour market due to the lack of complementarity between AI and humans in certain occupations. It is important to note that exposure to AI in developing and low-income countries is still very low, which may result in significant issues in the future due to inadequate preparation to adopt AI technologies. Finally, the study identifies the most critical new skills required to align with the expectations of Industry 5.0.