Single Ended Fault Locator Using Fault Current Phase Angle

With increasing penetration of renewables into the existing grid, single ended fault locator is adversely affected due to its peculiar fault characteristics. This leads to errors with the traditional single ended fault locators. This paper provides a reliable solution for single ended fault location which is non-iterative and mainly focusing on unsymmetrical faults. In this paper, a new single ended measurement-based fault locator is proposed considering non-homogeneity factor which is introduced due to the effect of inverter controls and different grid codes. This non-homogeneity factor which depends on fault current angle is accurately estimated for accurate fault location. The proposed method is validated through simulations conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC for unsymmetrical faults and found to be accurate irrespective of fault location on transmission line and fault resistance. Comparative results of proposed method with existing methods are also provided. The proposed method is also verified with modified IEEE 14 bus system.