Energy Efficient Routing Technique in Wireless Sensor Network using Hybrid Approach

The use of non-rechargeable and small size batteries in wireless sensor networks (WSN's) necessitates the development of energy efficient routing strategies in order to extend network lifespan. WSNs enhance the power sector by providing real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimized energy consumption. They improve grid stability, enable smart metering, facilitate renewable energy integration, and enhance security against physical and cyber threats. By reducing operational costs, increasing reliability, and promoting sustainability, WSNs contribute to a more efficient and resilient power infrastructure, supporting the transition to a cleaner energy future. This work seeks to address this issue by introducing a novel and efficient sensor communication mechanism. Given that sensors are small devices with limited battery capacity, the study integrates Multi-level Residual Energy Low-energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MR-LEACH) with Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The combination of these novel technologies aims to slow the rate at which network sensors quickly run out of energy. PSO facilitates selecting the best sensors to lead sensor clusters, but MR-LEACH ensures that each sensor accumulates an equal amount of energy. In addition, the study introduces Dynamic Cross-Layer Adaptation (DCLA) as a method for improving network performance. This paper essentially gives a comprehensive plan for improving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks by utilizing unique methodologies.