Multistable Magnetic Lift Actuation Under Variable Loads

This paper investigates the load-dependent behavior of a multistable out-of-plane actuator. By combining an electromechanical solenoid and a reluctance-based holding system, our actuator achieves stable positioning at three distinct positions without continuous energy consumption. We measured response times as low as 5.5 ms and out-of-plane displacements exceeding 3.5 mm, with a stable intermediate position at around 1.8 mm. Furthermore, it successfully lifts additional loads of up to 70 mg while maintaining functionality of all three stable positions.