Optimizing Energy Costs Through the Utilization of Renewable Sources and BESS Within Home Energy Management Systems

Currently, there is a shift from centralized to distributed power systems, with the installation of various energy management systems to enhance the system's efficiency. Load-side management is crucial in this context, particularly in households due to increasing demands driven by urbanization. This study focuses on a single customer equipped with a home energy management system, managing interruptible, non-interruptible, and must-run loads, along with photovoltaic panels and battery energy storage systems. A model based on mixed-integer linear programming is developed to minimize electricity consumption costs through a time-of-use demand response program, utilizing price-based strategies across peak, standard, and off-peak hours. The developed model is solved using the CPLEX solver of GAMS software. Additionally, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are conducted to evaluate the impact of tariff adjustments and panel ratings on payback.