Challenges in Recycling Lead Acid Battery and Lithium-Ion Battery: A Comprehensive Review

Battery recycling has become essential due to the rising demand for batteries and the associated risk to the environment caused by the disposal of batteries in various industries. It has become a global concern to recover significant minerals and metals from discarded batteries. The rapid expansion of the electric vehicle market causes a significant challenge in managing battery waste where Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used. Lithium-ion batteries are the best alternative to energy storage devices, which encourages the development of electric vehicles, which in turn reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) pollution in the transportation sector. 28 % of greenhouse gas emissions and 24% of the world's energy consumption are due to the transportation industry globally. The increasing usage of LIBs can result in the accumulation of spent LIBs. To prevent improper disposal of battery waste, recycling approaches can be adopted, which can in turn help reduce landfill waste and enhance environmental quality. This study compares the difficulties of recycling Lead Acid Battery (LAB) and Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) wastes, emphasizing the need to implement efficient battery recycling procedures towards a circular economy.