Speed Control Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric Vehicle Applications Toward Sustainable Energy Mobility: A Review

Electrical vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability. To achieve stable, reliable, and satisfactory performance, these vehicles must be equipped with appropriate motor drives and control systems. Although various motors such as DC and AC induction motors can be used in EVs, the choice of motor should be based on operational features. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) provide superior performance compared to other conventional motors used in early EV models, making them a desirable choice for EV drives. However, PMSMs require efficient drive systems and proper control schemes to ensure fast dynamic response, immunity to parameter changes, and disturbances. The choice of control method is a critical factor in enhancing motor efficiency, extending battery life, and increasing driving range. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various speed control methods used for PMSM drives in EVs, offering insights into the key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.