Gain Optimization of Lithium Niobate Ridge Waveguide Amplifiers

An erbium-doped lithium niobate waveguide amplifier covered with an erbium and ytterbium co-doped aluminum oxide cladding layer is designed. Combine with the light field confinement factor and the effective mode area to optimize the mode field distribution. The modal gain of the amplifier was calculated to be 30 dB by numerical simulations based on the theoretical model of
$\mathbf{Er}^{\mathbf{3}+}-\mathbf{Yb}^{\mathbf{3}+}$
co-doped.