Transparent antenna with reconfigurable pattern based on programmable graphene parasitic elements

This paper proposes a novel transparent antenna designed with reconfigurable graphene elements in the sub-THz frequencies. The antenna, with a circular polyimide substrate, leverages a pair of symmetrical fan-blade-shaped parasitic elements and a radiating dipole, each made of graphene. Through programming the operating state of each parasitic element by modifying the graphene chemical potential (2 discrete values are used, 0 eV for the OFF state and 1 eV for the ON state), the antenna’s current distribution is altered, resulting in four distinct configurations of the radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane. The investigation reveals that the lowest S
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value of -37.4 dB is obtained at 200 GHz, with a -10 dB bandwidth that extends from 187 GHz to 214 GHz. The corresponding maximum realized gain is about 2.78 dBi.