Development of Internet of Things (IoT) Application for Irrigation System

The irrigation system plays a crucial role in achieving agricultural success since it is anticipated to enhance agricultural production through efficient water distribution. Traditional irrigation systems lack real-time monitoring capabilities, which can lead to drought or over-flooding of agricultural areas. This paper proposes a development of tool to oversee the water level in irrigation system by utilizing Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed system uses an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi module. The ultrasonic sensor is employed for ascertaining the water level on agricultural land, operating by harnessing ultrasonic reflected waves. Once the water level reaches a specific minimum threshold, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor will transmit data to the microprocessor in the NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi module. Subsequently, the microcontroller analyses the height data. It transmits a directive to the water pump, instructing it to irrigate the plants via water sprinklers, ensuring that the water level adheres to the pre-established program. The characterization results demonstrate ultrasonic sensors efficacy and high sensitivity in detecting fluctuations in water levels in agricultural land. The characterization conducted using a smartphone indicates a 2-second delay in the control system, which is attributed to an unreliable network connection.