Leakage Current Pathways in Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer Standards

The voltage errors associated with leakage currents in Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) systems are significant contributors to the overall system accuracy. This paper describes discrepancies in output voltage between two different circuit halves on a single JAWS chip and shows that this discrepancy is dominated by ac leakage currents through the stray capacitance in the compensation leads.