Transient Behavior and Moving Average Model of Active Resonant Voltage Balancer for Supercapacitor Module

The energy storage systems using batteries or supercapacitors are crucial elements of industrial electrification and grid modernization. To meet the requirements of these applications, energy storages with the different series and parallel configurations of cells are employed. The imperfections due to manufacturing and uneven stress during operation result in differences between cells and varying aging rates among them. Thus, an efficient voltage balancing solution is required to compensate for the voltage imbalance between them. This paper proposes an Active Resonant Voltage Balancer (ARVB) as a solution for balancing voltages across series supercapacitors within a module of HESS for a mobile robot. Compared to other active balancing methods, the ARVB offers advantages such as high efficiency and low complexity. This paper describes a thorough derivation of a moving average model for analyzing the steady-state and transient operation of the ARVB for the supercapacitor module. The model verification is conducted in PLECS simulation software using the design example based on HESS supercapacitor module design specifications.