Microphone Arrays for Localization of Biological and Anthropogenic Sound Events

This paper examines the use of a Sub-Windowing method with differential microphone arrays for real-time sound wave direction identification in the horizontal plane. The method, which has a response time below 1 millisecond, operates with minimal processing power, allowing for the deployment of small, networked microphone arrays. The study demonstrates the method's capability to detect both the direction and location of sound sources on a plane using two interconnected arrays. The discussion includes the integration of Sub-Windowing methods into sound source localization (SSL) techniques, focusing on two approaches for generating SSL maps: a Sound Source Map using Sub-Windowed triangulation and a Sound Source Power Map based on Immission Directivity. The former aggregates localizations within 50 milliseconds, while the latter assesses immission directivity and noise levels within much longer time intervals, up to 10 minutes.