ANN Forecasting of European Natural Gas Dynamics: Implications for CO2 Emission, Electricity Production, and Market Trends

This paper presents neural network-based forecasting models tailored to predict annual CO
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emissions resulting from natural gas usage, annual electricity production from gas sources, and annual gas prices across Europe. The selection of these parameters is motivated by their critical role in shaping the region's energy landscape and their significant implications for environmental sustain ability, energy security, and market dynamics. By analyzing three time series datasets, the forecasting models combine various factors influencing gas consumption, electricity generation, and price fluctuations, and enable policymakers and stakeholders to anticipate future trends and formulate effective strategies. Through validation and evaluation processes, our models demonstrate robust performance in accurately forecasting CO
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emissions, electricity production, and gas prices, thus providing a valuable tool for informed decision-making in energy planning and policy formulation.