Hypergraph-Based Unified Model Development for Active Battery Equalization Systems

Pack-level battery usage and the inherent cell heterogeneity necessitate effective active equalization systems to enhance their usable capacity and lifetime. Due to the lack of a unified mathematical model, it is difficult to quantitatively analyze and compare the performance of state-of-the-art active equalization systems at the pack level. To address this gap, we introduce a novel, hypergraph-based approach to establish the first unified model for various active battery equalization systems. This model reveals the intrinsic relationship between battery cells and equalizers by representing them as the vertices and hyperedges of hypergraphs, respectively. It can offer a convenient and concise format for comprehensive analysis and comparison. Extensive results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model.