Multi-Objective Energy Management of Smart Buildings Through a Bilevel Optimization Approach

This paper introduces an optimization-based model developed to manage energy flow within smart buildings while facilitating energy exchange with the grid through a bi-level framework. The primary objective of this model is to minimize electricity bills while improving the peak-to-valley ratio of power exchange profiles with the grid, concerning system constraints and users' comfort. To achieve this, an energy storage system is incorporated to handle peak-shaving and valley-filling applications. Notably, the energy storage system operates as the follower of the building energy management system, focusing on improving the energy exchange profile. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this energy management strategy in enhancing techno-economic metrics simultaneously.