Doppler Spectrum of Bistatically Reflected Microwave Radiation when Moving over Ice Cover

This work is aimed at constructing a semi-empirical model of the Doppler spectrum of a microwave signal bistatically reflected by an ice cover. The model operates in the quasi-specular region of reflection. The model allows changing the grazing angles of the axes of the transmitting and receiving antenna patterns, the velocity of movement and the height of the location above the reflective surface of the receiver and transmitter. You can also set the transmitting and receiving antenna patterns, and these patterns can be asymmetrical. The paper compares the Doppler spectra reflected by ice cover and sea waves. The study uses experimental dependencies of the radiation reflectance of ice cover and open water on the angle of incidence. They were obtained using a dual-frequency precipitation radar installed on the GPM mission satellite over the Okhotsk Sea. As a result of the work, it was proposed to determine the type of underlying surface by the kurtosis coefficient of the Doppler spectrum of reflected radiation.