Method for Calculating the Dependence of the Backscattering Radar Cross Section for Freshwater Ice on the Incidence Angle Using the Doppler Spectrum

Currently, there is a lack of theoretical models that describe the characteristics of the signal reflected by the ice cover, which covers a significant part of the inland waters in the North Region. This paper represents a new method for obtaining the dependence of the backscattering radar cross section for ice cover on the incidence angle based on measurements of the Doppler spectrum of the reflected microwave signal. To analyze the performance of the new method, we use data from an experiment conducted with an X-band radar on a cable car across the Volga River in Nizhny Novgorod on 17/02/22 with freshwater ice cover and compare the obtained dependences with the results of GPM measurements over Lake Baikal.