Ionospheric Perturbations over the Low-Latitude Indian Region During the Geomagnetic Storm of 26–28 February 2023

The Impact of a severe geomagnetic storm (SYM-H
min
= -161 nT) on the ionosphere, which occurred on 26-28 February 2023 is studied using a latitudinal chain of six ground-based GNSS observatories in the Indian region. The effects of positive and negative ionospheric storms accompanying the whole episode of the storm event are highlighted in this work. Our observations show an increase in daytime TEC, attributing the associated positive ionospheric storm effect in the main and initial recovery phases. This could be attributable to the presence of Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs). Additionally, the existence of Westward Disturbed Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs) has contributed to negative ionospheric storm effects in low-latitude regions and the EIA region during the nighttime recovery period of a magnetic storm. Furthermore, ROTI observations during the storm recovery period confirm the suppression of post-sunset ionospheric irregularities. Our combined examination of absolute TEC and ROTI variations during the storm events during a relatively less-explored event contributes towards strengthening the dynamics of low latitude ionosphere for the robustness of communication, navigation, and satellite-based technologies under adverse space weather conditions.