Sensitivity of Microwave Polarization Signature at Different Frequencies and Angles on Aquatic Ecological Anomaly Events Using Geophysical Model Functions

This study investigated the indispensable role of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in the monitoring of aquatic ecological anomaly events. By exploring various Geophysical Model Functions (GMFs) at different frequencies and angles, this work indicates SAR’s pivotal significance in detecting and characterizing surface roughness changes associated with aquatic ecological anomaly events. Comparative analysis of GMFs simulation at L-band, C-band, X-band, and Ku-band demonstrates that the backscattering coefficient both at VV and HH polarizations are crucial parameters for detecting aquatic ecological anomaly events, with higher-frequency bands being more suitable for monitoring such events. This information can provide valuable insights for configuring Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems.