Intelligent Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Agriculture

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have introduced a new paradigm in various fields, including agriculture and livestock, offering versatile solutions adaptable to diverse needs. In the realm of WSN development, diverse protocols, and technologies are explored to optimize performance and reliability. Hybrid networks combining Wi-Fi, Zigbee, LoRa, and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) offer scalable, low-cost solutions with varying energy efficiencies and data transmission capacities. Additionally, operating algorithms dynamically adapt technology usage based on environmental conditions, ensuring seamless communication and data transfer. This paper proposes a heterogeneous WSN that integrates Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa (Long Range) technologies, providing flexibility and resilience in real-world deployments. Node configurations and operational algorithms are designed to facilitate efficient data transmission while adapting to changing environmental dynamics. Through rigorous testing and evaluation, the system demonstrates its capability to maintain reliable communication channels and facilitate data exchange across diverse scenarios.