Deep Learning-based Methods for MS Lesion Segmentation: A Review

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease of the central nervous system, marked by inflammation, demyelination and scarring (sclerosis) in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in a variety of motor, sensory and cognitive symptoms. This article examines recent advances and future prospects in the in-depth exploration of Deep Learning (DL) techniques for segmenting MS lesions. Highlighting recent developments, it explores innovative methods for lesion identification and segmentation, while addressing persistent challenges. This review offers a critical analysis of the current research landscape and suggests promising avenues for the future evolution of these techniques.