Empirical Channel Model of Multiple-Lanes Dynamic Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communication System

Vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication (V2V-VLC) channel gain is random due to the irregular shape of the vehicle headlight radiation pattern, dynamic traffic and variation of ambient noise at different times of the day. In this paper, we establish an empirical model of multiple-lanes V2V-VLC considering the variation of the received power (in dBm) as an indicator of the channel gain (in dB) on different lanes. We performed experimental received power measurements for a three-lane traffic system in a controlled environment based on realistic vehicle trajectories derived from a traffic dataset. The results show that the statistics of the channel gain do not differ on different lanes and when the vehicle changes lanes. The log-normal distribution closely fits the received power of the V2V-VLC system. The channel gain has a mean value of -78.0 dB on the middle lane, which is higher than the mean values on the right and left lanes, which are -78.5 dB.