In-Silico Trained AI for Enhanced T2 Spectrum Imaging and Myelin Water Fraction Mapping in Preclinical 7T MRI

This study introduces a Machine Learning (ML) approach for estimating the T
2
spectrum and myelin water fraction (MWF) using multi-echo T
2
(MET
2
) data from preclinical 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. ML methods have shown promise in MWF estimation, outperforming Regularized Non-Negative Least Squares (RNNLS). However, existing ML methods were optimized for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) typical of 3T clinical MET
2
data with larger voxel sizes. We adapted the Model-Informed Machine Learning (MIML) method to handle challenges in preclinical 7T MRI, including reduced voxel sizes, elevated noise levels (SNR=30-60), and shifts in T
2
lobes. Results from in-silico simulated data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed multi-layer-perceptron-based solution over RNNLS. Validation with ME T
2
data from two mice—a healthy control and a cuprizone-exposed pathological mouse—confirms the ML method’s success in identifying cuprizone-induced demyelination. Our study showcases the adaptability and enhanced performance of the MIML approach under challenging preclinical 7T MRI conditions, contributing to the advancement of MWF estimation methods in high-field MRI settings.