Spatio-Temporal Impact of EV Charging Load on Locational Marginal Prices

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) poses significant time-variant electrical energy demand stacked on top of the traditional electricity demand traded in the electricity markets. This paper addresses the effects of the increased share of EV load on the electricity markets, specifically focusing on its impact on locational marginal pricing (LMP), representing both energy pricing and transmission congestion cost. An economic dispatch model with network constraints is utilized to investigate the impact of time-variant EV charging load on the hourly LMP in the IEEE 39-bus system. In addition to observing the temporal impact of the EV load, this study extends its analysis by exploring various scenarios by incorporating the spatial distribution of the EVs across the network. Nodes with charging loads are identified based on three distinctive strategies: (i) the network centrality of the node, (ii) high and low demand pockets, and (iii) electrical proximity to generators. This examination offers insights into the possible impacts of EV charging from both the market operator’s and the system operator’s perspectives.