Optimization of energy storage operation by linear programming

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are expected to play an important part in the power system of the future to meet an increasing share of the electricity demand from renewable energy sources. This paper deals with the sizing and operation optimization of a hybrid a PV system with different battery technologies, namely lithium-ion, vanadium redox flow, and sodium-sulfur batteries, to cover a specified proportion of the electricity demand. Based on PV production and electricity consumption profiles a linear optimization was executed for the whole year of 2022 with a 15-minute resolution to calculate the optimal size of PV and BESS. The hybrid systems with optimal sizing offer cost savings between 10 and 25% compared to the case where all electricity is purchased from the day-ahead market. The results also reveal that PV overbuilding offers a cheaper way to increase the share of the demand covered by renewables at current investment cost levels, while the implementation of BESS is only feasible at lower investment costs.