An Enhancing VBF Protocol for AUVs: Integrating Uncertainty Management and Energy Efficiency

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) play a crucial role in applications such as deep-sea exploration and military operations. However, variations in temperature, salinity, and depth affect the speed of sound, leading to communication delays and signal degradation. These environmental factors in-troduce uncertainties that complicate effective communication and may increase energy consumption as AUV s sometimes need to expend additional power to maintain connectivity due to the position drift.